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    <title>Gestation on MillironX</title>
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    <description>Recent content in Gestation on MillironX</description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Wed, 12 Jun 2019 00:00:00 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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      <title>Metagenomic analysis of rumen populations in week-old calves as altered by maternal late gestational nutrition and mode of delivery</title>
      <link>http://localhost:1313/academia/metagenomics/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 12 Jun 2019 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
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      <description>&lt;p&gt;Early colonization of the rumen microbiome is critical to host health and long&#xA;term performance. Factors that influence early colonization include maternal&#xA;factors such as gestational nutrition and mode of delivery. Therefore, we&#xA;hypothesized that late gestational nutrition and mode of delivery would&#xA;influence the calf rumen microbiome. Our objectives were to determine if&#xA;nutrient restriction during late gestation alters the calf rumen microbiome and&#xA;determine if ruminal microbiome composition differs in calves born vaginally&#xA;versus caesarean. Late gestating Angus cows were randomly allocated to one of&#xA;three treatment groups: control (&lt;strong&gt;CON&lt;/strong&gt;; n = 6), caesarean section (&lt;strong&gt;CS&lt;/strong&gt;; n =&#xA;4), and nutrient restricted (&lt;strong&gt;NR&lt;/strong&gt;; n = 5), where CON were fed DDGS and hay to&#xA;meet NRC requirements and calved naturally; CS were fed similarly to CON and&#xA;calves were born via caesarean section; and NR were fed at a level to reduce BCS&#xA;by 1.5-2.0 points over the last trimester compared to CON and calved naturally.&#xA;Rumen fluid was collected via oral lavage prior to partition from cows and at d&#xA;7 from calves. Microbial DNA was isolated from the rumen fluid and metagenomic&#xA;shotgun sequencing was performed using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform.&#xA;Sequence data were analyzed using Metaxa2 for taxonomic assignment followed by&#xA;QIIME1 and QIIME2 to determine differential abundance and alpha- and&#xA;beta-diversity differences. There were no significant differences in&#xA;alpha-diversity as measured by shannon index across treatment groups for cows&#xA;(&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.239), but there were significant differences for calves (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.015).&#xA;Similarly, there were no significant differences in beta-diversity as measured&#xA;by the bray-curtis dissimilarity matrix for cows (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.059), but there were&#xA;significant differences for calves (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.007). Alpha-diversity differed (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&#xA;&amp;lt; 0.001) between cows and calves, with cows having increased species richness&#xA;compared to calves. Beta-diversity also differed (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; = 0.001) between cows and&#xA;calves. At total of 410 taxa were differentially abundant (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt; 0.01) between&#xA;cows and calves. These results suggest that the mature rumen microbiome of cows&#xA;is able to withstand changes in feed intake, however the calf microbiome is&#xA;susceptible to alteration by maternal factors. These data also suggest that&#xA;there may be opportunities to develop management strategies during late&#xA;gestation that influence calf health and performance long-term.&lt;/p&gt;</description>
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