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@ -131,9 +131,59 @@
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"ulnar notch": { articulation: "ulna" },
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"styloid process": { attachment: "medial collateral ligament" },
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},
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ulna: {
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asymmetric: true,
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features: {
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"trochlear notch": {
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articulation: "trochlea of humerus",
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},
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"radial notch": {
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articulation: "articular circumference of radius",
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},
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olecranon: {},
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"olecranon tuber": {},
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"anconeal process": {},
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"medial coronoid process": {},
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"lateral coronoid process": {},
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body: {},
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"ulnar tuberosity": {},
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"interosseous border": {},
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"styloid process": {},
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},
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"intermedioradial carpal": {},
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"ulnar carpal": {},
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"accessory carpal": {},
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"proximal phalanx": {},
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"middle phalanx": {
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features: {
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"ungual crest": {},
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"ungual process": {},
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"flexor tubercle": {},
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},
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},
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"distal phalanx": {},
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"carpal bones": {
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features: {
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I: {},
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II: {},
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III: {},
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IV: {},
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V: {},
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},
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},
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"metacarpal bones": {
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features: {
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base: {},
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body: {},
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head: {},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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},
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muscles: {
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"cutaneous trunci": {},
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"preputial muscle": {},
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"superficial pectoral": {
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features: {
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"descending pectoral": {
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@ -209,35 +259,256 @@
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action: "abduction of forelimb",
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},
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},
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rhomboideus: {
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features: {
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"rhomboideus capitis": {
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origin: "nuchal crest of occipital bone",
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insertion: "dorsal border of scapula",
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action: "elevate the forelimb",
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},
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"rhomboideus cervicis": {
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origin: "median fibrous raphe of neck",
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insertion: "dorsal border of scapula",
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action: "elevate the forelimb",
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},
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"rhomboideus capitis": {
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origin: "spinous process of first seven thoracic vertebrae",
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insertion: "dorsal border of scapula",
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action: "elevate the forelimb",
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},
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},
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rhomboideus: {
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features: {
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"rhomboideus capitis": {
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origin: "nuchal crest of occipital bone",
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insertion: "dorsal border of scapula",
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action: "elevate the forelimb",
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},
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"rhomboideus cervicis": {
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origin: "median fibrous raphe of neck",
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insertion: "dorsal border of scapula",
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action: "elevate the forelimb",
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},
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"rhomboideus thoracis": {
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origin: "spinous process of first seven thoracic vertebrae",
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insertion: "dorsal border of scapula",
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action: "elevate the forelimb",
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},
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},
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},
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"latissimus dorsi": {
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origin: "thoracolumbar fascia",
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insertion: "teres major tuberosity",
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action: "flexion of shoulder joint",
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},
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"serratus ventralis": {
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origin: "transverse processes of cervical vertebrae and ribs",
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insertion: "serrated face of the scapula",
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action: "to support the trunk",
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},
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deltoideus: {
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features: {
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"scapular part": {
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origin: "spine of the scapula",
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insertion: "deltoid tuberosity",
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action: "flexion of shoulder joint",
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},
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"acromial part": {
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origin: "acromion of the scapula",
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insertion: "deltoid tuberosity",
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action: "flexion of shoulder joint",
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},
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},
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},
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infraspinatus: {
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origin: "infraspinous fossa of scapula",
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insertion: "greater tubercle of humerus",
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action:
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"to abduct the shoulder, flex or extend the shoulder joint, or to rotate the humerus laterally",
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},
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"teres minor": {
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origin: "infraglenoid tubercle",
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insertion: "teres minor tuberosity",
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action: "flexion of shoulder",
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},
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supraspinatus: {
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origin: "supraspinous fossa",
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insertion: "greater tubercle of humerus",
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action: "extension of shoulder joint",
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},
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subscapularis: {
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origin: "subscapular fossa",
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insertion: "lesser tubercle of humerus",
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action: "adduction and extension of shoulder joint",
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},
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"teres major": {
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origin: "caudal angle of scapula",
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insertion: "teres major tuberosity",
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action: "flexion of shoulder joint",
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},
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coracobrachialis: {
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origin: "coracoid process",
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insertion: "lesser tubercle of humerus",
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action: "adduction and extension of shoulder joint",
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},
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"tensor fasciae antebrachii": {
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origin: "lateral fascia of latissimus dorsi",
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insertion: "olecranon",
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action: "extension of elbow joint",
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},
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"triceps brachii": {
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features: {
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"long head": {
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origin: "caudal border of scapula",
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insertion: "olecranon tuber",
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action: "extension of elbow joint",
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},
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"lateral head": {
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origin: "tricipital line of humerus",
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insertion: "olecranon tuber",
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action: "extension of elbow joint",
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},
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"accessory head": {
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origin: "neck of humerus",
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insertion: "olecranon tuber",
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action: "extension of elbow joint",
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},
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"medial head": {
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origin: "lesser tubercle of humerus",
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insertion: "olecranon",
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action: "extension of elbow joint",
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},
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},
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},
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anconeus: {
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origin:
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"lateral supracondylar crest, lateral and medial epicondyles of humerus",
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insertion: "olecranon",
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action: "extension of elbow joint",
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},
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"biceps brachii": {
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origin: "supraglenoid tubercle",
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insertion: "ulnar and radial tuberosities",
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action: "flexion of elbow joint and extension of shoulder joint",
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},
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brachialis: {
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origin: "lateral surface of humerus",
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insertion: "ulnar and radial tuberosities",
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action: "flexion of elbow joint",
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},
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"extensor carpi radialis": {
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origin: "lateral supracondylar crest",
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insertion: "base of metacarpals II and III",
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action: "extension of carpal joints",
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},
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"common digital extensor": {
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origin: "lateral epicondyle of humerus",
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insertion: "distal phalanges II, III, IV, and V",
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action: "extension of phalanges",
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},
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"lateral digital extensor": {
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origin: "lateral epicondyle of humerus",
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insertion: "proximal phalanges III, IV, and V",
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action: "extension of carpal joints",
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},
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"ulnaris lateralis": {
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origin: "lateral epicondyle of humerus",
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insertion: "proximal metacarpal V and accessory carpal bone",
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action: "flexion of carpal joints",
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},
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supinator: {
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origin: "lateral epicondyle of humerus",
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insertion: "cranial surface of radius",
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action: "supinate forelimb",
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},
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"abductor digiti longus I": {
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origin: "lateral border of ulna",
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insertion: "proximal metacarpal I",
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action: "abduction of digit I",
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},
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"pronator teres": {
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origin: "medial epicondyle of humerus",
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insertion: "medial border of radius",
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action: "pronate forelimb",
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},
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"flexor carpi radialis": {
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origin: "medial epicondyle of humerus",
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insertion: "base of metacarpals II and III",
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action: "flexion of carpal joints",
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},
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"superficial digital flexor": {
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origin: "medial epicondyle of humerus",
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insertion: "base of middle phalanges II, II, IV, and V",
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action: "flexion of carpal joints",
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},
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"flexor carpi ulnaris": {
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features: {
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"ulnar head": {
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origin: "caudal border of olecranon",
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insertion: "accessory carpal bone",
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action: "flexion of carpus",
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},
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"humeral head": {
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origin: "medial epicondyle of humerus",
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insertion: "accessory carpal bone",
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action: "flexion of carpus",
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},
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},
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},
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"deep digital flexor": {
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features: {
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"humeral head": {
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origin: "medial epicondyle of humerus",
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insertion: "distal phalanges",
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action: "flexion of carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints",
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},
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"radial head": {
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origin: "medial border of radius",
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insertion: "distal phalanges",
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action: "flexion of carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints",
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},
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"ulnar head": {
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origin: "caudal border of ulna",
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insertion: "distal phalanges",
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action: "flexion of carpal and metacarpophalangeal joints",
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},
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},
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},
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"pronator quadratus": {
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attachment: "surface of radius and ulna",
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action: "pronation of paw",
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},
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},
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joints: {
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humeral: {},
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cubiti: {},
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metacarpophalangeal: {},
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"antebrachiocarpal joint": {},
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"middle carpal joint": {},
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"carpometacarpal joint": {},
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"proximal interphalangeal joint": {},
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"distal interphalangeal joint": {},
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},
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ligaments: {
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"supraspinous ligament": {},
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"nuchal ligament": {},
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"palmar annular ligament": {},
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"annular digital ligament": {},
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"medial glenohumeral ligament": {},
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"lateral glenohumeral ligament": {},
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"lateral collateral ligament": {},
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"medial collateral ligament": {},
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"interosseous ligament": {},
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"palmar carpal ligament": {},
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},
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other: {
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"superficial cervical lymph node": {},
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"carotid sheath": {},
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"thoracic mammae": {
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features: {
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"cranial thoracic mammae": {},
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"caudal thoracic mammae": {},
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},
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},
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"abdominal mammae": {
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features: {
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"cranial abdominal mammae": {},
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"caudal abdominal mammae": {},
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},
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},
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"inguinal mammae": {},
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"costal arch": {},
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"subtendious synovial bursa": {},
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"transverse humeral retinaculum": {},
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"intertubercular bursa": {},
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"extensor retinaculum": {},
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"flexor retinaculum": {},
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"flexor manica": {},
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"digital synovial sheath": {},
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"transverse humeral retinaculum": {},
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},
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};
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