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<!doctype html><html class=no-js lang=en><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=x-ua-compatible content="ie=edge"><meta name=viewport content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><title>Academic Publications and Presentations - MillironX</title><link href="https://millironx.com/styles/mix-twbs.min.css" rel=stylesheet></head><body><div class=container-fluid><div class="row wrapper min-vh-100 flex-column flex-sm-row"><aside class="col-12 col-md-3 p-0 bg-dark flex-shrink-1"><nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-dark bg-dark align-items-start flex-md-column flex-row"><div class=container-fluid><a class="navbar-brand d-block d-md-none" href=#><object class="d-inline-block align-text-top" width=80 height=24 style=filter:invert(100%) data=https://millironx.com/graphics/millironx.svg>
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<span class="font-small-caps font-serif">Milliron X</span></a>
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  Milliron X</h1></header></div><div class=blurred-container><div class=motto><h1 id=motto>Publications and Presentations</h1></div><div class=img-src style=background-image:url(/images/library.jpg)></div><div class="img-src blur" style=background-image:url(/images/library_hu6756e41dd5621a1e254550fbe815c3a2_204150_filter_6742909828560968691.jpg)></div></div><br><section class="container-fluid list-main"><div class="container px-5"><h2>Selected Presentations</h2><div class="d-flex py-2"><div class=px-2><h3><i class="fad fa-fw fa-book" data-bs-toggle=tooltip title=Paper></i></h3><a class="btn btn-secondary dogear" href=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109447 data-bs-toggle=tooltip title="Full text"><i class="fad fa-file-alt"></i></a></div><div class="flex-grow-1 px-2"><h3><a href=https://millironx.com/academia/rotavirus-virome/>Assessment of Porcine Rotavirus-associated virome variations in pigs with enteric disease</a></h3>Tyler Doerksen,
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<strong>Thomas A. Christensen II</strong>,
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Andrea Lu,
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Lance Noll,
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Jianfa Bai,
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Jamie Henningson,
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Rachel Palinski<br>Veterinary Microbiology:
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(27 Apr 2022)<br>Keywords:
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<a href=#>porcine rotavirus</a>
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<a href=#>porcine enteric disease</a>
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<a href=#>virome</a>
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<a href=#>rotavirus</a><br><details><summary>Abstract</summary><p>Enteric disease is the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality in young
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mammals including pigs. Viral species involved in porcine enteric disease
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complex (PEDC) include rotaviruses, coronaviruses, picornaviruses, astroviruses
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and pestiviruses among others. The virome of three groups of swine samples
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submitted to the Kansas State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for
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routine testing were assessed, namely, a Rotavirus A positive (RVA) group, a
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Rotavirus co-infection (RV) group and a Rotavirus Negative (RV Neg) group. All
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groups were designated by qRT-PCR results testing for Porcine Rotavirus A, B, C
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and H such that samples positive for RVA only went in the RVA group, samples
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positive for >1 rotavirus went in the RV group and samples negative for all were
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grouped in the RVNeg group. All of the animals had clinical enteric disease
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resulting in scours and swollen joints/lameness, enlarged heart and/or a cough.
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All samples were metagenomic sequenced and analyzed for viral species
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composition that identified 14 viral species and eight bacterial viruses/phages.
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Sapovirus and Escherichia coli phages were found at a high prevalence in RVA and
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RV samples but were found at low or no prevalence in the RV Neg samples.
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Picobirnavirus was identified at a high proportion and prevalence in RV Neg and
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RV samples but at a low prevalence in the RVA group. A sequence analysis of the
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possible host of Picobirnaviruses revealed fungi as the most likely host.
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Non-rotaviral diversity was highest in RVA samples followed by RV then RV Neg
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samples. Various sequences were extracted from the sample reads and a
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phylogenetic update was provided showing a high prevalence of G9 and P[23] RVA
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genotypes. These data are important for pathogen surveillance and control
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measures</p></details></div></div><div class="d-flex py-2"><div class=px-2><h3><i class="fad fa-fw fa-graduation-cap" data-bs-toggle=tooltip title=Thesis></i></h3><a class="btn btn-secondary dogear" href=https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/polyoxometalate-incorporation-effects-on-proton/docview/2502214356/se-2 data-bs-toggle=tooltip title="Full text"><i class="fad fa-file-alt"></i></a></div><div class="flex-grow-1 px-2"><h3><a href=https://millironx.com/academia/thesis/>Polyoxometalate Incorporation and Effects on Proton Transport in Hydrogel Polymers</a></h3><strong>Thomas A. Christensen II</strong><br>University of Idaho:
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Moscow, Idaho
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(07 Aug 2020)<br>Keywords:
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<a href=#>bioremediation</a>
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<a href=#>polyoxometalate</a>
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<a href=#>hydrogel polymers</a>
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<a href=#>proton transport</a>
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<a href=#>chemical engineering</a><br><details><summary>Abstract</summary><p>Polyoxometalate clusters embedded into hydrogel biobeads may be able to solve
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the challenges posed by free proton generation during remediation of
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trichloroethylene by acting as buffers and reducing protons to hydrogen gas. In
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this thesis, the challenges posed by systems that contain both diffusion and
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reaction processes for protons are considered mathematically, and a computer
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simulation to was developed to prove the relationship between diaphragm cell lag
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period and reactive capabilities of membranes. Two polyoxometalate compounds,
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sodium decavanadate and alumina sulfate, were successfully incorporated into a
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poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel membrane, and the diffusivity changes associated
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with each compound was determined. It was found that the diffusivity of protons
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through an unmodified 10% w/v poly(vinyl alcohol) membrane was 1.76 ×
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10<sup>-5</sup>
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cm<sup>2</sup>
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s<sup>-1</sup>
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, the diffusivity through a
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10%/2% w/w/v poly(vinyl alcohol)/sodium decavanadate membrane was 3.10 ×
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10<sup>-6</sup>
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cm<sup>2</sup>
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s<sup>-1</sup>
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, and the diffusivity through a
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10%/2% w/w/v poly(vinyl alcohol)/alumina sulfate membrane was 3.32 ×
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10<sup>-7</sup>
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cm<sup>2</sup>
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s<sup>-1</sup>
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. Through analysis of the
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diaphragm cell lag period, it was found the incorporation of sodium decavanadate
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did not increase the reactivity of a poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel, and
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incorporation of alumina sulfate lowered the reactivity. These results indicate
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that polyoxometalate integration into hydrogel membranes is feasible, but does
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not provide any advantage to a bioremediation scenario.</p></details></div></div><div class="d-flex py-2"><div class=px-2><h3><i class="fad fa-fw fa-presentation" data-bs-toggle=tooltip title=Poster></i></h3><a class="btn btn-secondary dogear" href=/academia/metagenomics/metagenomics_analysis_of_rumen_populations.pdf data-bs-toggle=tooltip title="Full text"><i class="fad fa-file-alt"></i></a></div><div class="flex-grow-1 px-2"><h3><a href=https://millironx.com/academia/metagenomics/>Metagenomic analysis of rumen populations in week-old calves as altered by maternal late gestational nutrition and mode of delivery</a></h3><strong>Thomas A. Christensen II</strong>,
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Kathy J. Austin,
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Kristi M. Cammack,
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Hannah C. Cunningham-Hollinger<br>Westion Section American Society of Animal Science Annual Meeting:
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Boise, Idaho
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(12 Jun 2019)<br>Keywords:
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<a href=#>gestation</a>
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<a href=#>metagenomics</a>
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<a href=#>microbiome</a>
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<a href=#>rumen</a><br><details><summary>Abstract</summary><p>Early colonization of the rumen microbiome is critical to host health and long
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term performance. Factors that influence early colonization include maternal
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factors such as gestational nutrition and mode of delivery. Therefore, we
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hypothesized that late gestational nutrition and mode of delivery would
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influence the calf rumen microbiome. Our objectives were to determine if
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nutrient restriction during late gestation alters the calf rumen microbiome and
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determine if ruminal microbiome composition differs in calves born vaginally
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versus caesarean. Late gestating Angus cows were randomly allocated to one of
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three treatment groups: control (<strong>CON</strong>; n = 6), caesarean section (<strong>CS</strong>; n =
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4), and nutrient restricted (<strong>NR</strong>; n = 5), where CON were fed DDGS and hay to
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meet NRC requirements and calved naturally; CS were fed similarly to CON and
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calves were born via caesarean section; and NR were fed at a level to reduce BCS
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by 1.5-2.0 points over the last trimester compared to CON and calved naturally.
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Rumen fluid was collected via oral lavage prior to partition from cows and at d
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7 from calves. Microbial DNA was isolated from the rumen fluid and metagenomic
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shotgun sequencing was performed using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform.
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Sequence data were analyzed using Metaxa2 for taxonomic assignment followed by
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QIIME1 and QIIME2 to determine differential abundance and alpha- and
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beta-diversity differences. There were no significant differences in
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alpha-diversity as measured by shannon index across treatment groups for cows
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(<em>P</em> = 0.239), but there were significant differences for calves (<em>P</em> = 0.015).
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Similarly, there were no significant differences in beta-diversity as measured
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by the bray-curtis dissimilarity matrix for cows (<em>P</em> = 0.059), but there were
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significant differences for calves (<em>P</em> = 0.007). Alpha-diversity differed (<em>P</em>
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< 0.001) between cows and calves, with cows having increased species richness
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compared to calves. Beta-diversity also differed (<em>P</em> = 0.001) between cows and
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calves. At total of 410 taxa were differentially abundant (<em>P</em> < 0.01) between
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cows and calves. These results suggest that the mature rumen microbiome of cows
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is able to withstand changes in feed intake, however the calf microbiome is
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susceptible to alteration by maternal factors. These data also suggest that
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there may be opportunities to develop management strategies during late
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gestation that influence calf health and performance long-term.</p></details></div></div><div class="d-flex py-2"><div class=px-2><h3><i class="fad fa-fw fa-graduation-cap" data-bs-toggle=tooltip title=Thesis></i></h3><a class="btn btn-secondary dogear" href=/academia/cheme-car/cud_cheme_car_web.pdf data-bs-toggle=tooltip title="Full text"><i class="fad fa-file-alt"></i></a></div><div class="flex-grow-1 px-2"><h3><a href=https://millironx.com/academia/cheme-car/>The ChemE Car that Cud: AIChE ChemE Car Engineering Design Proposal</a></h3><strong>Thomas A. Christensen II</strong><br>University of Wyoming Honors Program:
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Laramie, Wyoming
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(14 May 2019)<br>Keywords:
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<a href=#>chemical engineering</a>
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<a href=#>AIChE</a>
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<a href=#>radiation</a>
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<a href=#>rumen</a>
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<a href=#>microbial electrolysis cells</a><br><details><summary>Abstract</summary><p>The ChemE Car That Cud showcases Wyoming’s dominant industries of agriculture
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and mining by utilizing rumen fluid from a cannulated beef cow to generate
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hydrogen to be used in a hydrogen fuel cell and radioactive cesium, a byproduct
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of uranium that is often obtained from Wyoming’s mines, to time the car’s stop.
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The concentration of cesium-137 source is measured using the radioactive decay
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of cesium shielded by aluminum. The painted aluminum chassis was obtained from a
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previous team at UW, and modified using plastic k’nex toys to adapt to the
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current power source and stopping mechanism.</p></details></div></div><hr><h2>Other Presentations</h2><div class="d-flex py-2"><div class=px-2><h3><i class="fad fa-fw fa-book" data-bs-toggle=tooltip title=Paper></i></h3><a class="btn btn-secondary dogear" href=https://doi.org/10.1021/acsestengg.2c00107 data-bs-toggle=tooltip title="Full text"><i class="fad fa-file-alt"></i></a></div><div class="flex-grow-1 px-2"><h3><a href=https://millironx.com/academia/hydronium-pva/>Investigation of Hydronium Diffusion in Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels: A Critical First Step to Describe Acid Transport for Encapsulated Bioremediation</a></h3>Carson J. Silsby,
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Jonathan R. Counts,
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<strong>Thomas A. Christensen II</strong>,
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Mark F. Roll,
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Kristopher V. Waynant,
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James G. Moberly<br>ACS ES&T Engineering:
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(02 Sep 2022)<br>Keywords:
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<a href=#>diffusion</a>
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<a href=#>hydrogels</a>
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<a href=#>ionic strength</a>
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<a href=#>polymers</a>
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<a href=#>transport properties</a><br></div></div><div class="d-flex py-2"><div class=px-2><h3><i class="fad fa-fw fa-presentation" data-bs-toggle=tooltip title=Poster></i></h3><a class="btn btn-secondary dogear" href=/academia/pva-aiche/measuring_diffusion_of_trichloroethylene.pdf data-bs-toggle=tooltip title="Full text"><i class="fad fa-file-alt"></i></a></div><div class="flex-grow-1 px-2"><h3><a href=https://millironx.com/academia/pva-aiche/>Measuring Diffusion of Trichlorethylene Breakdown Products in Polyvinylalginate</a></h3><strong>Thomas A. Christensen II</strong>,
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Samuel R. Wolfe,
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Jonathan Counts,
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Mark F. Roll,
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Kristopher V. Waynant,
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James G. Moberly<br>AIChE Annual Meeting:
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Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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(29 Oct 2018)<br>Keywords:
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<a href=#>bioremediation</a>
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<a href=#>polyoxometalate</a>
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<a href=#>hydrogel polymers</a>
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<a href=#>proton transport</a>
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<a href=#>chemical engineering</a><br></div></div><div class="d-flex py-2"><div class=px-2><h3><i class="fad fa-fw fa-podium" data-bs-toggle=tooltip title=Presentation></i></h3></div><div class="flex-grow-1 px-2"><h3><a href=https://millironx.com/academia/how-to-build-a-cow-cud-fuel-cell/>How to Build a Cow-Cud Fuel Cell</a></h3><strong>Thomas A. Christensen II</strong><br>Idaho INBRE Summer Research Conference:
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Moscow, Idaho
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(01 Aug 2018)<br></div></div><div class="d-flex py-2"><div class=px-2><h3><i class="fad fa-fw fa-presentation" data-bs-toggle=tooltip title=Poster></i></h3></div><div class="flex-grow-1 px-2"><h3><a href=https://millironx.com/academia/pva-inbre/>Measuring diffusion of protons in polyvinyalginate</a></h3><strong>Thomas A. Christensen II</strong>,
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Jonathan Counts,
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James G. Moberly<br>Idaho INBRE Summer Research Conference:
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Moscow, Idaho
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(31 Jul 2018)<br></div></div></div></section><footer><div class="container-fluid footer-contents"><img src=https://millironx.com/images/brandedbull_hufc3ef4d1bebcd0898802af378829db58_10410_0x95_resize_box_3.png></div></footer></main></div></div><script src=https://millironx.com/js/fontawesome.min.6bc2dd5568cf8d07e2b66db77311aec6816cce50f3477ceac674c711fd4ec8eb.js></script>
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